Fabric brushing is a finishing process where rotating brushes raise fine fibers on the fabric surface - creating the soft, fuzzy nap of flannel, fleece, and brushed cotton.
How Brushing Works
Fabric passes over rotating wire brushes - sometimes multiple sets, from different angles - that catch and lift the surface fibers. The raised fibers form a soft nap that traps air, making the fabric feel warmer and softer. Brushing can be done on one side (flannel shirts) or both (blankets).
Brushed Fabrics
- Flannel - brushed cotton (or wool), the classic brushed shirting
- Fleece - brushed knit, usually polyester, for warmth
- Brushed twill, moleskin - brushed for softness with a denser hand
Brushing vs Napping
The terms overlap heavily. Napping is often the heavier process - think blankets and heavy coatings - while brushing is lighter, for shirting and apparel fabrics. Both raise surface fibers; the difference is mainly degree.
FAQs
- Does brushing weaken fabric?
- Slightly - it removes some surface fiber. Quality brushed fabrics account for this.
- Can any fabric be brushed?
- Best on cotton, wool, and blends with staple fibers. Filament synthetics don't brush well.
- How do I care for brushed fabric?
- Wash gentle, avoid high heat - aggressive washing flattens the nap.
Glossary: see the full fashion glossary for more apparel industry terms.